Emily Thomas
Google

Workspace PDF

As the Drive View UX Lead, I transformed the legacy Workspace file view into a consumption platform. While Workspace is primarily known for its file editors, 87% of files viewed are actually third-party file types—such as PDFs, images, and videos. Leading the design direction for a multidisciplinary team, I established a scalable information architecture and launched six features that drove a 20% increase in CSAT across 1.7B weekly views, reframing PDFs from a passive activity into an interactive, intelligent workspace.

Workspace PDF — document viewer interface
My Role

UX Lead

My Team

1 Researcher
3 UX Designers

My Impact
  • 1.7 Billion weekly views
  • CSAT: Increased satisfaction by +20% to 74%
  • DSAT: Decreased dissatisfaction by 7% to 12%
My Contribution
  • Defined UX strategy for PDF improvements
  • Secured buy-in to establish information architecture framework across all files types
  • Set high-level design direction, collaborated with UXD/VisD
  • Delivered 6 major features
  • Designing 6 additional features for future milestones

Context

Business Goal

Improving PDF consumption became a core pillar of Drive's 2025 strategy.

Key Insights

While Workspace is best known for its native Editors, PDFs are:

  • #1 consumed file type in Workspace
  • 1.7B weekly views across Drive
  • 46% of all viewed files are PDFs

These insights reframed PDFs from a viewing problem into a core productivity opportunity at massive scale.

Opens per file type

Opens per file type data
Problem

Despite their massive scale, the PDF experience had remained largely unchanged for years.

Users often had to leave Drive to fill forms, annotate or edit, and navigate complex documents.

This created workflow friction and competitive gaps.

Solution

A one-year modernization roadmap focused on closing the competitive gap across:

  • Viewing Improvements
  • Form Filling
  • Editing & Annotation
PDF experience today
PDF improvement design 1

Competitive Audit

Drive is missing table-stake features compared to competitors.

Competitive audit comparison

Design Process

My approach had two parts:

  • Information architecture
  • Table stake features

Information Architecture

Information Architecture Framework

To accommodate a rapidly expanding roadmap, I designed a scalable information architecture framework. This system ensured that new features could be integrated seamlessly without disrupting the core user experience as the product evolved.

Taxonomy

Defined taxonomy into categories and insert tools with a team card-sorting exercise, bridging Google Slides patterns with PDF-specific user needs.

Taxonomy card-sorting exercise
Strategic Placement

Leveraging Workspace precedents for navigation and collaboration; focusing design optimization strictly on viewing and markup toolbar positioning.

Strategic placement framework
Workspace Alignment Session

I organized an information architecture alignment session with the Google Slides team, who were also updating their IA, to define a unified Workspace strategy. We explored two directions:

  1. Align with Editors to ensure cross-product consistency (Moved forward with this direction)
  2. Create a new system for third-party files using modern GM3 patterns

While I felt the Editor toolbar was dense and dated, leadership chose alignment with Editors for cross-product consistency.

1. Align with Editors

2. Create a new system

IA options

Defined Principles

Established guiding principles to inform product decisions, align cross-functional teams, and ensure consistency across the experience. These principles created a shared framework for evaluating tradeoffs, prioritizing features, and maintaining a cohesive user experience as the product evolved.

Scalable

A flexible system that scales across other Drive Viewing file types and won't break with new features

Progressive

Reveal options as the user dives deeper into workflows

Contextual

Lean on AI to provide contextual nudges that allow the user to shortcut cumbersome tasks

Familiar

It feels like an Editor so I don't have to think or relearn new patterns

Unified Navigation System

Major advocacy win: While designing the PDF experience, I recognized it would feel fragmented if other third-party file types lacked consistent navigation, especially as users cycle between files in the viewer. I defined a strategy to unify navigation across all file types in File Viewer, standardizing menus and toolbars into a scalable system rather than solving PDFs in isolation.

IA framework for unified navigation

Toolbar

While building on the Editors toolbar pattern, I evolved it to align with GM3's updated shape and toolbar guidelines, improving visual clarity and scannability. Partnering with Video and eSignature UX leads, I also drove design convergence across tools into a standardized system aligned with the Workspace design system and familiar user mental models.

Toolbar design

Short-term toolbar

Short-term toolbar design

Long-term toolbar

Long-term toolbar vision

Insitu

Short-term PDF design

File Menus

Problem
  • Actions aren't easily discoverable
  • Missing features, like Make a copy
  • Menus inconsistent across Overlay and Standalone file viewer
File menu issues
File menu audit

Conducted a comprehensive audit of the File menu to identify inconsistencies across surfaces and file types, then established a unified taxonomy aligned with Editors — standardizing groupings, iconography, and keyboard shortcuts for a more predictable experience.

File menu audit
Utilized Drive's existing menu component

The Editors recently updated their file menus. To keep navigation familiar we aligned with their IA, language, and icons

Drive menu component

Table stake features

To deliver 12 features within an aggressive timeline, I prioritized familiar interaction patterns over custom components, aligning interactions with Workspace and Chrome conventions to reduce UX complexity and create cross-product consistency

  1. Two page view
  2. Grid view
  3. Table of contents
  4. Thumbnail preview
  5. Zoom improvements
  6. Present mode
  1. Rotate pages
  2. Rearrange pages
  3. Join PDF
  4. Extract PDF
  5. Markup (text, shape, line, signature)
  6. Form filling

I led the definition and prototyping of end-to-end journeys in partnership with another designer, aligning cross-functional stakeholders and preparing the experience for usability testing.

PDF journeys
Usability Testing & Findings

Created a prototype to evaluate core workflows, including opening, navigating, viewing, and editing PDFs.

100% task completion across all features, with the exception of saving a file.

The Save button was confusing. Users expected autosave behavior consistent with the rest of Google Workspace, and introducing a manual save action broke their mental model. Many participants assumed the button would create a copy rather than save changes.

When autosave proved technically infeasible, I iterated on the Save interaction to better communicate system behavior, balancing platform constraints with users' existing Workspace mental models.

Save button interaction
Constraints

At this point in the project, Engineering underestimated feature development time due to legacy platform limitations, so we had to reduce scope for MVP.

MVP Features (Revised)
  • Toolbar
  • File menus
  • Table of contents
  • Thumbnail preview
  • Zoom improvements
  • Standard form filling

Final Designs

PDF final design
PDF feature details
PDF thumbnail interaction
PDF outline interaction
PDF menu interaction

Landing metrics

Launched 6 features to close the competitive gap and established unified navigation framework across Drive's file view—impacts 1.7 billion weekly views.

  • 20% increase in CSAT: 74%
  • 7% decrease in DSAT: 12%

What I learned

Defining clear product principles helped the team move faster and make more consistent decisions. They provided a shared framework for evaluating tradeoffs and kept design and engineering aligned as we delivered a large set of foundational features.

This work reinforced that even when building standard capabilities, maintaining alignment across teams requires ongoing leadership and clarity of vision.